NYPI JOURNAL CLUB
STEREOTACTIC HYPOFRACTIONATED ACCURATE RADIOTHERAPY OF
- Berit L. Madsen, M.D.,* R. Alex Hsi, M.D.,* Huong T. Pham, M.D.,* Jack F. Fowler, D.Sc., Ph.D., Laura Esagui, C.M.D.,* And John Corman, M.D.! *Sections of Radiation Oncology and !Urology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Emeritus, Department of Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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A comparison of overall survival between patients with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, or radical prostatectomy.
- J. P. Ciezki, C. A. Reddy, P. A. Kupelian, E. A. Klein, C. Robinson, N. Chehade, K. Angermeier, A. Altman, J. Ulchaker
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Prostate Cancer in Fathers With Fewer Male Offspring: the Jerusalem Perinatal Study Cohort
- Susan Harlap, Ora Paltiel, Yehiel Friedlander, Ronit Calderon-Margalit, Lisa Deutsch, Karinne R. Kleinhaus, Orly Manor, Alfred I. Neugut, Mark Opler, Mary C. Perrin, Mary B. Terry, Efrat Tiram, Rivka Yanetz
Affliliations of authors: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (SH, AIN, MO, MCP, MBT), and Department of Psychiatry (KRK), Columbia University, New York, NY; Epidemiology Unit, Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health, Jerusalem, Israel (OP, YF, RCM, LD, OM, ET, RY)
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Effect of once-weekly oral alendronate on bone loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a randomized trial.
- Greenspan SL, Nelson JB, Trump DL, Resnick NM.University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Prostate Specific Antigen Density Correlates
- Shilajit D. Kundu, Kim Yu, Jo Ann V. Antenor, Brian K. Suarez and William J. Catalona, Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (SDK, XY, WJC), and the Departments of Psychiatry (KAR, BKS) and Neurology (JVA), Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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January 20, 2007 - Purpose: An increased prostate specific antigen density (serum prostate specific antigen divided by prostate volume) is an established parameter to help determine the need to perform prostate biopsies. A man with a high prostate specific antigen and a normal size prostate gland is more likely to have cancer than a man with the same prostate specific antigen and a large gland. Prostate specific antigen in relation to prostate size should also reflect the volume of cancer in the gland. One group defined clinically unimportant prostate cancer as tumor volume less than 0.5 cc, organ confined disease and Gleason less than 7. Another group noted that at the time of biopsy, a prostate specific antigen density less than 0.15 ng/ml/cc combined with low risk clinical tumor features predicted insignificant cancer. There are limited published validating data on the association of prostate specific antigen density with the criteria for prostate cancer aggressiveness. We tested the association of prostate specific antigen density with features of tumor aggressiveness in a screened and in a non-screened cohort of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.
Materials and Methods: The screened patient cohort included 1,280 patients with screen detected prostate cancer treated from 1990 to 2002 at Washington University, and the nonscreened cohort included 382 patients treated from 2003 to 2004 at Northwestern University. We recorded the clinical and pathological tumor parameters in a prospective database. Parameters evaluated were pathological tumor stage, Gleason sum, tumor volume, biochemical progression and the previously mentioned 2 criteria for clinically unimportant cancers. We grouped patients into 4 prostate specific antigen density categories of less than 0.1, 0.1 to 0.14, 0.15 to 0.19 and greater than 0.19 ng/ml/cc.
Results: There was a significant trend for worsening clinicopathological prognostic features as prostate specific antigen density increased. There were 357 (82%), 283 (75%), 171 (75%) and 192 (55%) men with organ confined disease with clear surgical margins if prostate specific antigen density was less than 0.1, 0.1 to 0.14, 0.15 to 0.19 and greater than 0.19 ng/ml/cc, respectively (p=0.001). There were 86 (20%), 102 (27%), 64 (28%) and 157 (45%) men with a Gleason sum greater than 7 when grouped into each increasing PSA density category, respectively (p=0.001). There were 91 (21%), 91 (25%), 74 (33%) and 157 (46%) men with a total cancer volume greater than 0.5 cc when grouped into each increasing PSA density category, respectively (p=0.001). Prostate specific antigen velocity was greater than 2 ng/ml per year in 11%, 30%, 27% and 46% of men if prostate specific antigen density was less than 0.1, 0.1 to 0.14, 0.15 to 0.19 and greater than 0.19 ng/ml/cc, respectively (p =.001).
Conclusions: Prostate specific antigen density measurements are useful in helping to determine the aggressiveness of clinically localized prostate cancer, and can be used as an adjunct in predicting insignificant cancer and outcomes after local therapy.
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